一、超聲波清洗設(shè)備頻率的選擇

1、 Frequency selection of ultrasonic cleaning equipment

超聲清洗頻率從28kHz到120kHz之間，在使用水或水清洗劑時由空穴作用引起的物理清洗力顯然對低頻有利，一般使用28-40kHz左右。對小間隙、狹縫、深孔的零件清洗，用高頻較好，甚至幾百kHz。對鐘表零件清洗時，用400kHz。若用寬帶調(diào)頻清洗，效果更良好。

The ultrasonic cleaning frequency ranges from 28kHz to 120kHz. When using water or water cleaning agent, the physical cleaning force caused by the action of holes is obviously beneficial to the low frequency. Generally, it is about 28-40khz. For parts with small gaps, slits and deep holes, high frequency is better, even hundreds of kHz. When cleaning clock parts, use 400kHz. If you use broadband FM cleaning, the effect is better.

二、超聲波清洗設(shè)備功率的選擇

2、 Power selection of ultrasonic cleaning equipment

超聲波清洗效果不一定與功率×清洗時間成正比，有時用小功率，花費(fèi)很長時間也沒有清除污垢。而如果功率達(dá)到一定數(shù)值，有時很快便將污垢去除。若選擇功率太大，空化強(qiáng)度將大大增加，清洗效果是提高了，但這時使較精密的零件也產(chǎn)生蝕點，得不償失，而且清洗缸底部振動板處空化嚴(yán)重，水點腐蝕也增大，在采用三氯乙烯等有機(jī)溶劑時，基本上沒有問題，但采用水或水溶性清洗液時，易于受到水點腐蝕，如果振動板表面已受到傷痕，強(qiáng)功率下水底產(chǎn)生空化腐蝕更嚴(yán)重，因此要按實際使用情況選擇超聲功率。

Ultrasonic cleaning effect is not necessarily related to power × Cleaning time is in direct proportion. Sometimes with low power, it takes a long time without removing dirt. If the power reaches a certain value, sometimes the dirt will be removed quickly. If the power is too large, the cavitation intensity will be greatly increased and the cleaning effect will be improved, but at this time, the more precise parts will also produce corrosion spots, which is not worth the loss. In addition, the cavitation at the vibrating plate at the bottom of the cleaning cylinder is serious and the water spot corrosion also increases. There is basically no problem when using organic solvents such as trichloroethylene, but when using water or water-soluble cleaning solution, it is easy to be corroded by water spots, If the surface of the vibrating plate has been damaged, cavitation corrosion at the bottom of the water under high power is more serious, so the ultrasonic power should be selected according to the actual use.

三、超聲波清洗設(shè)備清洗液溫度的選擇

3、 Selection of cleaning fluid temperature for ultrasonic cleaning equipment

水清洗液適宜的清洗溫度為40-60℃，尤其在天冷時若清洗液溫度低空化效應(yīng)差，清洗效果也差。因此有部分清洗機(jī)在清洗缸外邊繞上加熱電熱絲進(jìn)行溫度控制，當(dāng)溫度升高后空化易發(fā)生，所以清洗效果較好。當(dāng)溫度繼續(xù)升高以后，空泡內(nèi)氣體壓力增加，引起沖擊聲壓下降，反應(yīng)出這兩因素的相乘作用。

The suitable cleaning temperature of water cleaning solution is 40-60 ℃, especially in cold weather. If the temperature of cleaning solution is low and the cavitation effect is poor, the cleaning effect is also poor. Therefore, some cleaning machines wrap heating wires around the outside of the cleaning cylinder for temperature control. When the temperature rises, cavitation is easy to occur, so the cleaning effect is good. When the temperature continues to rise, the gas pressure in the cavity increases and the impact sound pressure decreases, reflecting the multiplication of these two factors.

四、超聲波清洗設(shè)備清洗籃的使用

4、 Use of cleaning basket of ultrasonic cleaning equipment

在清洗小零件物品時，常使用網(wǎng)籃，由于網(wǎng)眼要引起超聲衰減，要特別引起注意。當(dāng)頻率為28khz時使用10mm以上的網(wǎng)眼為好。

When cleaning small parts, the basket is often used. Because the mesh will cause ultrasonic attenuation, special attention should be paid to it. When the frequency is 28kHz, it is better to use a mesh of more than 10mm.

五、關(guān)于清洗液量的多少和清洗零件的位置的確定

5、 Determination of the amount of cleaning fluid and the position of cleaning parts

一般清洗液液面高于振動子表面100mm以上為佳。由于單頻清洗機(jī)受駐波場的影響，波節(jié)處振幅很小，波幅處振幅大造成清洗不均勻。因此選擇清洗物品位置應(yīng)放在波幅處。

Generally, the liquid level of cleaning fluid is more than 100mm higher than the surface of vibrator. Because the single frequency cleaning machine is affected by the standing wave field, the amplitude at the wave node is very small, and the amplitude at the wave amplitude is large, resulting in uneven cleaning. Therefore, the position of cleaning articles should be placed at the wave amplitude.

六、超聲波清洗設(shè)備不同的清洗液，要區(qū)分的清洗系統(tǒng)

6、 Ultrasonic cleaning equipment different cleaning fluid, to distinguish the cleaning system

水性系統(tǒng)：通常由敞口槽組成，工件浸沒其中。而復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)由多個槽組成，并配備循環(huán)過濾系統(tǒng)、沖淋槽、干燥槽以及其它附件。

Aqueous system: it is usually composed of an open tank in which the workpiece is immersed. The complex system consists of multiple tanks and is equipped with circulating filtration system, flushing tank, drying tank and other accessories.

溶劑系統(tǒng)：多為超聲波汽相除油脂清洗機(jī)，常配備廢液連續(xù)回收裝置。超聲波汽相清除油脂過程是由溶劑蒸發(fā)槽和超聲浸洗槽形成的集成式多槽系統(tǒng)完成的。在熱的溶劑蒸汽和超聲激蕩共同作用下，油、脂、蠟以及其他溶于溶劑的污垢就被除去。經(jīng)過一系列清洗工序后下料的工件發(fā)熱、潔凈、干燥。

Solvent system: mostly ultrasonic vapor phase degreasing cleaning machine, often equipped with waste liquid continuous recovery device. The ultrasonic vapor phase oil removal process is completed by an integrated multi tank system formed by solvent evaporation tank and ultrasonic immersion tank. Under the combined action of hot solvent vapor and ultrasonic agitation, oil, grease, wax and other dirt dissolved in solvent are removed. After a series of cleaning procedures, the workpiece is hot, clean and dry.

七、超聲清洗工藝及清洗液的選擇

7、 Ultrasonic cleaning process and selection of cleaning solution

在購買清洗系統(tǒng)之前，應(yīng)對被清洗件做如下應(yīng)用分析：明確被洗件的材料構(gòu)成、結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)量，分析并明確要清除的污物，這些都是決定所要使用什么樣的清洗方法，判斷應(yīng)用水性清洗液還是用溶劑的先決條件。終的清洗工藝還需做清洗實驗來驗證。只有這樣，才能提供合適的清洗系統(tǒng)、設(shè)計合理的清洗工序以及清洗液。考慮到清洗液的物理特性對超聲清洗的影響，其中蒸汽壓、表面張力、黏度以及密度應(yīng)為顯著的影響因素。溫度能影響這些因素，所以它也會影響空化作用的效率。任何清洗系統(tǒng)必須使用清洗液。

Before purchasing the cleaning system, the following application analysis shall be made for the cleaned parts: clarify the material composition, structure and quantity of the cleaned parts, analyze and clarify the dirt to be removed, which are the prerequisites for determining what kind of cleaning method to use and judging whether to use aqueous cleaning solution or solvent. The final cleaning process needs to be verified by cleaning experiment. Only in this way can we provide appropriate cleaning system, reasonably designed cleaning process and cleaning solution. Considering the influence of the physical characteristics of cleaning fluid on ultrasonic cleaning, steam pressure, surface tension, viscosity and density should be significant factors. Temperature can affect these factors, so it will also affect the efficiency of cavitation. Any cleaning system must use cleaning fluid.

八、超聲波清洗設(shè)備清洗件處理

8、 Treatment of cleaning parts of ultrasonic cleaning equipment

超聲清洗的另一個考慮因素是清洗件的上、下料或者說是放置清洗件的工裝的設(shè)計。清洗件在超聲清洗槽內(nèi)時，無論清洗件還是清洗件籃都不得觸及槽底。清洗件總的橫截面積不應(yīng)超過超聲槽橫截面積的70%。橡膠以及非剛化塑料會吸收超聲波能量，故將此類材料用于工裝時應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎。絕緣的清洗件也應(yīng)引起特別注意。工裝籃設(shè)計不當(dāng)，或所盛工件太重，縱使的超聲清洗系統(tǒng)的效率也會被大大降低。鉤子、架子以及燒杯都可用來支持清洗件。

Another consideration of ultrasonic cleaning is the loading and unloading of cleaning parts or the design of tooling for placing cleaning parts. When the cleaning part is in the ultrasonic cleaning tank, neither the cleaning part nor the cleaning part basket shall touch the bottom of the tank. The total cross-sectional area of the cleaning parts shall not exceed 70% of the cross-sectional area of the ultrasonic tank. Rubber and non rigid plastics absorb ultrasonic energy, so care should be taken when using these materials in tooling. Special attention shall also be paid to the cleaning parts of insulation. The efficiency of the ultrasonic cleaning system will be greatly reduced even if the tooling basket is not designed properly or the workpiece is too heavy. Hooks, shelves and beakers can be used to support cleaning parts.